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1.
CoDAS ; 30(4): e20170142, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952862

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the potential association between psychological risk and limited auditory pathway maturation. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study, 54 infants (31 non-risk and 23 at-risk) were assessed from age 1 to 12 months. All had normal hearing and underwent assessment of auditory maturation through cortical auditory evoked potentials testing. Psychological risk was assessed with the Child Development Risk Indicators (CDRIs) and PREAUT signs. A variety of statistical methods were used for analysis of results. Results Analysis of P1 and N1 latencies showed that responses were similar in the both groups. Statistically significant differences between-groups were observed only for the variables N1 latency and amplitude at 1 month. Significant maturation occurred in both groups (p<0.05). There was moderate correlation between P1 latency and Phase II CDRIs, which demonstrates that children with longer latencies at age 12 months were more likely to exhibit absence of these indicators in Phase II and, therefore, were at greater psychological risk. The Phase II CDRIs also correlated moderately with P1 and N1 latencies at 6 months and N1 latencies at 1 month; again, children with longer latency were at increased risk. Conclusion Less auditory pathway maturation correlated with presence of psychological risk. Problems in the mother-infant relationship during the first 6 months of life are detrimental not only to cognitive development, but also to hearing. A fragile relationship may reflect decreased auditory and linguistic stimulation.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre risco psíquico e maturação da via auditiva. Método Neste estudo de coorte longitudinal, 54 crianças ouvintes (31 sem risco e 23 em risco psíquico) de 1 a 12 meses foram avaliadas. Todas foram submetidas à avaliação da maturação auditiva através dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos Corticais. O risco psíquico foi avaliado com os Indicadores de Risco de Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI) e Sinais PREAUT. Uma variedade de métodos estatísticos foi utilizada para análise de resultados. Resultados A análise das latências de P1 e N1 mostraram respostas similares entre os grupos. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos foram observadas somente para as variáveis latência e amplitude de N1 no primeiro mês. A maturação auditiva foi significante nos dois grupos (p<0,05). Houve correlação moderada entre latência de P1 e a fase II dos IRDI, demonstrando que crianças com maior latência aos 12 meses apresentaram maior probabilidade de exibir a ausência desses indicadores na Fase II, estando em maior risco psíquico. A fase II dos IRDI também teve correlação moderada com as latências de P1 e N1 aos 6 meses e latências de N1 ao 1 mês; novamente, crianças com latência mais longa estavam em maior risco. Conclusão A menor maturação auditiva correlacionou-se com a presença de risco psíquico. Problemas na relação mãe-filho durante os primeiros 6 meses de vida são prejudiciais não apenas ao desenvolvimento cognitivo, mas também à audição. Um relacionamento frágil pode refletir diminuição da estimulação auditiva e linguística.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Auditory Pathways/physiology , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Hearing/physiology , Auditory Cortex/growth & development , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Case-Control Studies , Child Development , Risk Factors , Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology
2.
Clinics ; 70(9): 606-611, Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-759292

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:Temporal processing refers to the ability of the central auditory nervous system to encode and detect subtle changes in acoustic signals. This study aims to investigate the temporal resolution ability of individuals with mesial temporal sclerosis and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the gaps-in-noise test in identifying this type of lesion.METHOD:This prospective study investigated differences in temporal resolution between 30 individuals with normal hearing and without neurological lesions (G1) and 16 individuals with both normal hearing and mesial temporal sclerosis (G2). Test performances were compared, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated.RESULTS:There was no difference in gap detection thresholds between the two groups, although G1 revealed better average thresholds than G2 did. The sensitivity and specificity of the gaps-in-noise test for neurological lesions were 68% and 98%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Temporal resolution ability is compromised in individuals with neurological lesions caused by mesial temporal sclerosis. The gaps-in-noise test was shown to be a sensitive and specific measure of central auditory dysfunction in these patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Gyrus Cinguli/physiopathology , Auditory Perception , Case-Control Studies , Functional Laterality , Hearing Tests , Prospective Studies , Sclerosis , Sensitivity and Specificity
3.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 73(2): 174-188, ago. 2013. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690564

ABSTRACT

El sistema eferente auditivo está constituido por el sistema olivococlear y por vías descendentes que provienen de la corteza auditiva y se dirigen a la cóclea. El sistema olivococlear se divide en una porción medial y una lateral, con neuronas que inervan a las células ciliadas externas y a fibras del nervio auditivo respectivamente. El principal neurotransmisor de las sinapsis olivococleares es acetilcolina, y tanto las células ciliadas externas como las fibras del nervio auditivo poseen receptores para esta molécula. El sistema eferente córtico-coclear se origina en la capa V y VI de la corteza auditiva y proyecta a los colículos inferiores y complejo olivar superior, donde a través del sistema olivococlear se conecta con el órgano receptor auditivo. En este artículo se revisan importantes hallazgos obtenidos en los últimos años que involucran (i) nuevos neurotransmisores y receptores del sistema eferente auditivo; (ii) vías descendentes de la corteza auditiva y su rol fisiológico sobre las respuestas cocleares y (iii) rol del sistema eferente auditivo en patologías audiológicas y neuropsiquiátricas.


The auditory efferent system is composed by the olivocochlear fibers and descending projections that originate in the auditory cortex and end in the cochlea. The olivocochlear system is divided into a medial and lateral division, with fibers directed to the outer hair cells and to the auditory nerve fibers respectively. It is known that acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter of the olivocochlear synapses and that outer hair cells and auditory nerve fibers have receptors to this molecule. The cortico-cochlear efferent system originates in layers V and VI of the auditory cortex. These descending projections are directed to the inferior colliculus and superior olivary complex, a site in which the olivocochlear fibers emerge and connect the brain with the cochlear receptor. In this article recent discoveries obtained in the last years are reviewed: (i) new neurotransmitters and receptors of the olivocochlear system; (ii) anatomy and physiology of descending pathways from the auditory cortex to the cochlea and, (iii) clinical role of auditory efferents in audiological and neuropsychiatric pathologies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Auditory Cortex/physiology , Auditory Pathways/physiology , Cochlea/physiology , Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology , Efferent Pathways/physiology , Neurons, Efferent/physiology , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Auditory Pathways/physiopathology , Cochlea/cytology , Efferent Pathways/physiopathology
4.
Clinics ; 68(4): 511-515, abr. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674248

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to observe spontaneous cortical activity and cortical activity modulated by tinnitus-matched sound in tinnitus patients and healthy subjects with no otoneurologic symptoms. METHOD: Data were prospectively collected from 50 tinnitus patients and 25 healthy subjects. Cortical activity was recorded in all subjects with eyes closed and open and during photostimulation, hyperventilation and acoustic stimulation using 19-channel quantitative electroencephalography. The sound applied in the tinnitus patients was individually matched with the ability to mask or equal the tinnitus. The maximal and mean amplitude of the delta, theta, alpha and beta waves and the type and amount of the pathologic EEG patterns were noted during each recording. Differences in cortical localization and the influence of sound stimuli on spontaneous cortical activity were evaluated between the groups. RESULTS: The tinnitus group exhibited decreased delta activity and increased alpha and beta activity. Hyperventilation increased the intensity of the differences. The tinnitus patients had more sharp-slow waves and increased slow wave amplitude. Sound stimuli modified the EEG recordings; the delta and beta wave amplitudes were increased, whereas the alpha-1 wave amplitude was decreased. Acoustic stimulation only slightly affected the temporal region. CONCLUSION: Cortical activity in the tinnitus patients clearly differed from that in healthy subjects, i.e., tinnitus is not a “phantom” sign. The changes in cortical activity included decreased delta wave amplitudes, increased alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-h wave amplitudes and pathologic patterns. Cortical activity modifications occurred predominantly in the temporal region. Acoustic stimulation affected spontaneous cortical activity only in tinnitus patients, and although the applied sound was individually matched, the pathologic changes were only slightly improved. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Brain Waves/physiology , Tinnitus/physiopathology , Audiometry , Alpha Rhythm/physiology , Beta Rhythm/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Delta Rhythm/physiology , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors
5.
Pró-fono ; 22(4): 537-542, out.-dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-572526

ABSTRACT

TEMA: processamento temporal auditivo e dislexia do desenvolvimento. OBJETIVO: caracterizar o processamento temporal auditivo em escolares com dislexia do desenvolvimento e correlacionar com malformação cortical. MÉTODO: foram avaliados 20 escolares, com idade entre 8 e 14 anos, divididos em grupo experimental (GE) composto por 11 escolares (oito do gênero masculino) com o diagnóstico de dislexia do desenvolvimento e grupo controle (GC) composto por nove escolares (seis do gênero masculino) sem alterações neuropsicolinguísticas. Após avaliações neurológica, neuropsicológica e fonoaudiológica (avaliação de linguagem e leitura e escrita) para obtenção do diagnóstico, os escolares foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica periférica e posteriormente aplicou-se o teste Random Gap Detection Test e/ou Random Gap Detection Test Expanded. RESULTADOS: observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os escolares do GE e GC, com pior desempenho para o GE. A maioria dos escolares do GE apresentou polimicrogiria perisylviana. CONCLUSÃO: escolares com dislexia do desenvolvimento podem apresentar alterações no processamento temporal auditivo com prejuízo no processamento fonológico. Malformação do desenvolvimento cortical pode ser o substrato anatômico dos distúrbios.


BACKGROUND: temporal auditory processing and developmental dyslexia. AIM: to characterize the temporal auditory processing in children with developmental dyslexia and to correlate findings with cortical malformations. METHOD: twenty school-aged children, ranging in age from 8 to 14 years were evaluated. These children were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG) was composed by 11 children (eight were male) with developmental dyslexia and the control group (CG) was composed by nine normal children (six were male). After neurological assessment and verification of the intellectual level, language, reading and writing skills in order to determine the diagnosis, children underwent a peripheral audiological evaluation and Random Gap Detection Test and/or Random Gap Detection Test Expanded. RESULTS: a statistically significant difference between children in the EG and CG were observed, with children in the EG presenting worst performances. Most of the children in the EG presented perisylvian polymicrogyria. CONCLUSION: children with developmental dyslexia may present temporal auditory processing disorders with deficits in phonological processing. Cortical malformations may be the anatomical substrate of these disorders.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Auditory Perception/physiology , Dyslexia/physiopathology , Malformations of Cortical Development/physiopathology , Abnormalities, Multiple/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Dyslexia/complications , Hearing Tests , Intelligence Tests , Language Disorders/etiology , Intellectual Disability/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Sex Distribution , Time Factors
6.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 66(3): 213-220, dic. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475695

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un trabajo retrospectivo, donde se analizaron las respuestas del sistema auditivo aferente central en 36 enfermos que presentaban vértigos y desequilibrio, hipoacusia fluctuante y tinnitus que clínicamente fueron considerados portadores de la Enfermedad de Méniére clásica. Se estudiaron con los exámenes otoneurológicos habituales, y además se estudió la vía auditiva aferente central con el mapeo cerebral auditivo promediado. Este estudio se realizó en todos estos pacientes mediante la estimulación sonora de un oído, y posteriormente se registraron las respuestas aferentes en la corteza cerebral hasta los 15 milisegundos, a través de un electroencefalógrafo computarizado de 22 canales, y promediándolas para eliminar actividad cerebral no auditiva, lo que permitió a través de la Transformada rápida de Fourier, hacer un mapeo topográfico de las respuestas eléctricas del tronco cerebral y de las zonas cerebrales que procesan la audición. Luego de las respuestas de un oído se examinó sucesivamente el otro oído. Los mapeos cerebrales así obtenidos en los 36 enfermos portadores la Enfermedad de Méniére unilateral, y repetidos en fases de hipoacusia, como de normalidad auditiva, se compararon con los que se obtienen en las personas sanas y sin patología auditiva. El hallazgo más relevante fue: en todos los enfermos de Méniére encontramos alteración de la señal aferente a nivel de la corteza cerebral auditiva primaria contra lateral y de la corteza auditiva secundaria ipsilateral. Esta respuesta de la corteza cerebral auditiva, diferente de la que encontramos en las personas normales, podría ser útil para buscar el origen de la Enfermedad de Méniére.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Meniere Disease/physiopathology , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Brain Mapping/methods , Neurons, Afferent/pathology , Electroencephalography , Retrospective Studies , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Hearing Loss/physiopathology
7.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 71(2): 202-207, mar.-abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-408693

ABSTRACT

Diabetes Mellitus pode acarretar complicacões nos olhos, rins, nervos cranianos, nervos periféricos, ouvidos, etc. A funcão cognitiva também parece estar prejudicada em indivíduos portadores de Diabetes Mellitus, visto que as estruturas corticais e subcorticais responsáveis por esta funcão estão prejudicadas em alguns pacientes dependentes de insulina. O potencial cognitivo P300 tem sido usado como um procedimento objetivo para avaliar a funcão cognitiva cerebral. OBJETIVO: Analisar a sensibilidade do potencial cognitivo P300 para detectar alteracões no córtex auditivo decorrentes do Diabetes Mellitus. FORMA DE ESTUDO: coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 16 indivíduos diabéticos de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 7 a 71 anos, e 17 indivíduos não-diabéticos equiparados quanto ao sexo, idade e limiar auditivo. Os procedimentos de avaliacão foram: Audiometria Tonal Liminar (ATL) e potencial cognitivo P300. No grupo diabético foi realizada a medida do valor glicêmico antes da realizacão do P300. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos na ATL não mostraram diferenca estatisticamente significante. Foi observado diferenca estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, quando analisado a latência do componente P3, medido em Fz. Houve correlacão entre a glicemia e a latência e amplitude do P300. CONCLUSAO: A pesquisa do potencial cognitivo P300 é um importante procedimento para prevenir e diagnosticar precocemente de alteracões neurológicas em indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , /physiology , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Hearing Loss/prevention & control
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 49(6): 577-82, 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-87920

ABSTRACT

Existen aun controversias sobre los posibles generadores de los potenciales evocados auditivos de larga latencia (PEAL). Algunas evidencias sugieren que la cortez auditiva juega un rol en la definición de dichos potenciales. A partir de esta hipótesis nos propusimos investigar la existencia de eventuales modificaciones en el procesamiento de la información auditiva, cuando ese área de la corteza está alterada, tal como sucede en la epilepsia temporal. Se estudió una población de 19 pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia temporal primaria, en base a los datos clínicos y EEG y comparamos los resultados, con una población control de 17 sujetos, y también con un grupo control de 4 pacientes con epilepsia jacksoniana que recibía medicación anticonvulsivante similar a la del grupo probando. En todos los casos se hicieron potenciales auditivos de corta latencia (PEAT) y PEAL. Los PEAL, se exploraron a partir del estímulo monoaural de un tono de 1000 Hz de 50 ms de duración, a 50 db. El intervalo interestímulo fue de 1 s. La actividad eléctrica cerebral fue recogida por electrodos colocados en Cz, F3 y F4, con referencia a la región mastoidea. Se promediaron 50 estímulos sobre una base de tiempo de 500 ms; se utilizó una banda de filtro de 125 a 1 Hz. Se analizaron las latencias y amplitudes de los componentes de los 2 tipos de potenciales evocados estudiados. En los PEAT no se hallaron diferencias entre controles y pacientes. Para el análisis de los resultados de los PEAL dividimos la...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Auditory Cortex/physiopathology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology , Reaction Time
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